Abstract:

Small scale dairy production is generally a labour intensive enterprise which is mainly constrained by limited availability and quality of feeds. At the same time inadequate understanding of small scale farmers on a dairy cow's feed requirements leaves them vulnerable to seasonal changes in feed availability and quality. However, it is possible to plan all year round feeding for a dairy cow without succumbing to the changes in feed availability and quality. This manual addresses the feed production and feeding challenges faced by the small scale farmers. The manual envisages production on a one-acre piece of land. They key issues addressed include: (1) Feeding according to the needs of the cow, (2) Forage production (3) Forage conservation (silage).A forage production plan should consider providing feed for the cow throughout the year. The priority forage for this model will include napier grass (Pennesetum perpeureum), Brachiaria mulato (Improved signal grass), Lablab and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa). If the cow eats 31 kg of fresh forage (grass) per day, it will need 31x365 = 11,315 kg of forage per year. A farmer should therefore ensure he/she can produce the above quantities of feed all year round. The following table summarizes the land (acres) required to produce the forage required.