Abstract:

The science of agriculture has been refined and perfected over time to accommodate for the ever-increasing human population, especially, the demand for food, feed and fibre. Techniques such as irrigation (e.g. the shadoof), intercropping and crop rotation increased efficiency in agriculture. Four generally agreed-upon goals that define a sustainable agriculture: Satisfy human food, feed, fibre needs; Enhance environmental quality and the resource base; Sustain the economic viability of agriculture; and Enhance the quality of life for farmers, farm workers and society as a whole. Based on empirical evidence, STI have the potential to increase efficiency, effectiveness and impact of our efforts to meet the ambition of SDG 2030 agenda and create benefits for society, the economy and the environment NARO through development, release, and promotion of high-quality crop varieties have enhanced the supply capacity of major agricultural products. Breakthroughs in developing varieties that are high-yielding, nutrient-dense, disease resistant/tolerant, pest tolerant and moisture-stress/drought/heat tolerant has successfully contributed to food/ nutrition security, job creation and wealth creation.