Abstract:
The world's population is set to reach 9 billion by 2050, under these circumstances, there is an increasing need to provide food security for the ever increasing world population. However, this is amidst increasing challenges associated with rapid climate change occurring over the globe. Climate change is defined as the change in climate attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of global atmosphere. One of the predisposing factors causing climate change is the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHG). Formation and release of greenhouse gases particularly the nitric oxides from the soil to the atmosphere mainly occurs due to the use of inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers such as ammonium sulphate, ammonium chloride and ammonium phosphates. Burning of fossil fuels for heating, transport and power generation, bush clearing for agriculture, deforestation and animal rearing (livestock) have resulted into emissions of greenhouse gases including carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides and chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere.